PhD Opportunity – Uromodulin a Precision Medicine Target for Novel Drug Discovery in Cardiovascular Disease

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Background: Despite major advances in cardiovascular health, hypertension remains the risk factor contributing most to the overall burden of disease globally. When the total global impact of known risk factors on the overall burden of disease is calculated, 54% of stroke and 47% of ischaemic heart disease are attributable to hypertension.

In our recent genome-wide association study using an extreme case-control design, we discovered a SNP (rs13333226 at position 16:20365654) in the 5’ region of the Uromodulin gene (UMOD), also known as Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THP) to be associated with hypertension. The minor G allele of rs13333226 was associated with lower risk of hypertension, decreased urinary uromodulin excretion, and higher glomerular filtration rate. Furthermore, the association with hypertension was shown to be independent of renal function indicating a possible pleiotropic effect, as SNPs highly correlated with rs13333226 were shown to be associated with kidney function in independent GWAS studies. The genotype association of rs13333226 and urinary UMOD excretion was more pronounced with low salt intake, and blunted with high salt intake, indicating a possible gene-environment interaction.

We have extended these findings with work in UMOD KO mice which show a lower baseline blood pressure and are not sensitive to salt induced changes in blood pressure. Our data indicate that UMOD has a role in BP regulation and may protect from salt induced increase in BP. UMOD is selectively produced in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle in the kidney. and exists predominantly as a polymer in luminal fluid.

Proposal Plan: Molecular characterisation of human and mouse uromodulin transcripts and binding partners.

In this project, we will utilise RNA from a large panel of human kidneys (~100) grouped according to hypertension status, as well as the UMOD knock out mouse. We have access to human and rodent RNAseq data that we will analyse using different strategies including biological pathways using gene set enrichment and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. We are also interested in identifying binding partners of UMOD under different environmental stressors and assessing potential transcription factor binding in the promoter region using Electrophoretic Mobility shift Assays (EMSA).

Project aims:

• Assess humanUMOD transcripts using RNAseq Explore biological pathways using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. 
• ValidateRNAseq gene expression changes using our panel of human kidneys prioritised by pathway analysis. 
• Use immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry to identify binding partners of UMOD in human renal tissue to characterise potential mechanisms of action in disease.
• Assess the genetic contribution of UMOD in large scale data including UK Biobank

Techniques used: 

1. Isolation of DNA and RNA 
2. qRT-PCR and Sanger sequencing
3. PCRand cloning 
4. Western analysis
5. Analysing RNAseq transcript data and other ‘Omic’ platforms
6. Biological pathway and data integration analysis
7. Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assays to identify potential binding partners of uromodulin and assess potential binding of predicted transcription factors using mass spectrometry. 

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