Invasive Lung Ventilation empowered by Soft Robotic Implantable Actuators [ILV-robot]

Lung diaphragm is an integral part of respiratory system, which plays a pivotal role in the initiating and maintaining breathing cycle. Lung functionality can be compromised due to physiological conditions resulting in hypoxemic failure (Type 1 respiratory failure) to hypercapnic failure (Type 2 respiratory failure). Both type of respiratory disorders can occur individually or together due to lung inflammation from infections like pneumonia, fluid buildup due to acute respiratory distress syndrome, aspiration of foreign objects, asthma attacks, traumatic lung injuries. Resultantly, patients suffer from airway obstruction, weakened respiratory muscles, chest wall abnormalities, lung abnormalities, and respiratory center dysfunction.

Chronic respiratory patients are treated via surgical access of the trachea and are inserted with an endotracheal tube (post-sedation) for controlling breathing via a ventilating machine (aka mechanical ventilation). Such invasive method of ventilation suffers from limitations like ventilator induced infection, barotrauma, tracheal injury, coughing, long recovery time. The project proposes an innovative technique to improve respiratory efficiency of patients by overcoming limitations of invasive ventilation and initiating restoration process of natural, unassisted respiratory biomechanics. The aim of project is to demonstrate a “proof-of-concept” of a biocompatible soft robotic actuator which is implantable on the lung diaphragm for aiding ventilation and respiratory rehabilitation.

Key areas of research:

1. Design, control of soft robotic actuator for lung rehabilitation.

2. Exploring biomaterial for minimizing device induced toxicity.

3. Utilizing AI/ML algorithms for co-relating actuator with breathing pattern.

4. Data analysis using mathematical modelling.

Possible areas of impact:

Novel Collaboration for synergizing interdisciplinary research (robotics, medicine, surgical skills, biology, AI, and ML) for lung rehabilitation. 

Training provided:

Research will include working with synthetic biochemical compound, cancerous tissues, mechanical and electronic circuit designs, prototyping, and pre-clinical in-vitro testing of robotic devices:

1. Working in class 2 lab facility and bioprinting facility,

2. Manufacturing soft robotic actuators for biomedical applications,

3. Training to work with animals (especially pig).

4. AI/ML modelling and data analysis.

Candidates with the following skills are desirable:

Proficiency in Data Analysis/AI/Machine learning (Python, MATLAB), programming (Micro-controller/processors), mechanical CAD design (SolidWorks, hands-on experience of 3D printing, laser cutting, 3D scanning). Basic understanding of biology, medicine, surgery.

How to Apply:

Applicants should apply via the University’s online application system at https://www.york.ac.uk/study/postgraduate-research/apply/. Please read the application guidance first so that you understand the various steps in the application process.